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Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)
The Fantasy in C minor for Piano, Chorus, and Orchestra, Op. 80, was composed in 1808 by Ludwig van Beethoven.
==Background, composition, and premiere==
The Fantasia was first performed at the Akademie (benefit concert) of 22 December 1808, which also saw the premieres of the Fifth and Sixth Symphonies and the Fourth Piano Concerto as well as a performance of excerpts of the Mass in C major. To conclude this memorable concert program, Beethoven wanted a "brilliant Finale" that would unite in a single piece the different musical elements highlighted in the concert night: piano solo, chorus and orchestra. The Fantasia, Op. 80, written shortly prior, was thus composed expressly to fulfil this role. Beethoven himself played the piano part and the opening solo offers an example of his improvisational style (at the premiere he did, in fact, improvise this section).
Beethoven wrote the piece during the second half of December, an unusually short time by his standards. He commissioned a poet—whose identity is disputed—to write the words shortly before the performance to fit the already written parts. According to Beethoven's pupil Carl Czerny, the poet was Christoph Kuffner;〔Albrecht et al. (1006, 10) identify Kuffner as "an official at the War Ministry, musically talented poet, author of the text of the Choral Fantasia Op. 80, and of the drama ''Tarpeja'', for which Beethoven supplied incidental music WoO 2, in 1813." His life dates are 28 June 1780 (Vienna) - 7 November 1846 (Vienna).〕 the later Beethoven scholar Gustav Nottebohm doubted this attribution and suggested it may have been Georg Friedrich Treitschke, who in 1814 prepared the final text of Beethoven's opera ''Fidelio''.〔Kinderman (1995, 132)〕
The premiere performance seems to have been a rather troubled one; according to the composer's secretary, Anton Schindler, it "simply fell apart," a result most likely attributable to insufficient rehearsal time. Because of a mistake in the execution of the piece, it was stopped half way through and restarted.〔Landon, H.C. Robbins. Beethoven: His Life, Work, and World. Thames and Hudson. New York City. 1992; pg 149〕 In Ignaz von Seyfried's words:〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Roger Ruggeri )〕〔A. W. Thayer, ''Life of Beethoven'', edited by Elliot Forbes. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1964,pp 448–449〕
"When the master brought out his orchestral Fantasia with choruses, he arranged with me at the somewhat hurried rehearsal, with wet〔"Wet" refers to the ink; in Beethoven's day the performance parts would have been prepared by copyists using pens.〕 voice-parts as usual, that the second variation should be played without repeat. In the evening, however, absorbed in his creation, he forgot all about the instructions which he had given, repeated the first part while the orchestra accompanied the second, which sounded not altogether edifying. A trifle too late, the Concertmaster, Unrath, noticed the mistake, looked in surprise at his lost companions, stopped playing and called out dryly: ‘Again!’ A little displeased, the violinist Anton Wranitzky asked ‘With repeats?’ ‘Yes,’ came the answer, and now the thing went straight as a string."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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